Prairie Ecosystems

 

Dixon prairie

Page history last edited by Justin Borevitz 2 yrs ago

The Suzanne S. Dixon Prairie at the Chicago Botanic Garden - Plant Species List
A = Abundant Location Guide (see attached map)    
C = Common Mesic Wet Gravel Fen Sand Bur 
L = Locally Common     Hill     Oak
O = Occasional           Sav.
sh. = shoreline
species scripted in italics = alien species
ACANTHACEAE
  Ruellia humilis (wild petunia) O          
 
ALISMATACEAE
Alisma subcordatum (common water plantain)   L        
Sagittaria latifolia (common arrowhead) O (sh.) O (sh.)        
  
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Hypoxis hirsuta (yellow star grass)       O O O
APIACEAE
Angelica atropurpurea (great angelica) O          
Cicuta maculata (water hemlock) O O        
  Daucus carota (Queen Anne's lace) O   O     O
  Eryngium yuccifolium (rattlesnake master) L L        
Oxypolis rigidior (cowbane) O O   O O  
Pastinaca sativa (wild parsnip) O         L
Polytaenia nuttallii (prairie parsley) O          
Sium suave (tall water parsnip) O O        
Taenidia integerrima (yellow pimpernel) O         L
Zizia aptera (heart-leaved meadow parsnip) O          
Z. aurea (golden alexanders) C L       L
APOCYNACEAE    
Apocynum androsaemifolium (spreading dogbane) O         O
A. sibiricum (prairie indian hemp) L L        
ARACEAE
Acorus calamus (sweet flag)   L (+sh.)        
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Asclepias amplexicaulis (sand milkweed)         O  
A. incarnata (swamp milkweed)   O        
A. purpurascens (purple milkweed) O         O
A. sullivantii (prairie milkweed) L         L
A. syriaca (common milkweed) L       O L
A. tuberosa (butterfly weed)         L O
A. verticillata (whorled milkweed) O          
A. viridiflora (short green milkweed)     O      
ASTERACEAE
Achillea millefolium (yarrow) L   O   O O
Agoseris cuspidata (prairie dandelion)     O      
Ambrosia artemisifolia elatior (common ragweed) O       O  
A. trifida (giant ragweed) O         O
Arctium minus (common burdock) O         O
Artemisia biennis (biennial wormwood) O          
Aster azureus (sky-blue aster)     C   C  
A. ericoides (heath aster) A O O   L C
A. furcatus (forked aster)         L  
A. laevis (smooth blue aster) L         L
A. lateriflorus (side-flowering aster)         L  
A. linariifolius (flax-leaved aster)     O      
A. novae-angliae (New England aster) C C O O O C
A. pilosus (hairy aster) A C     O A
A. praealtus (willow aster) O L   O    
A. ptarmicoides (stiff aster) O   C O    
A. puniceus firmus (shining aster)   O   O    
A. sagittifolius (arrow-leaved aster)           O
A. sericeus (silky aster)     A      
A. umbellatus (flat-top aster)       C    
Bidens cernua (nodding bur marigold)   O   O    
B. polylepis (bur marigold)   L        
Boltonia asteroides (false aster) O O        
Cacalia atriplicifolia (pale indian plantain)           O
C. plantaginea (prairie indian plantain) O O        
    C. suaveolens (sweet indian plantain) L          
Carduus nutans (nodding thistle)         O  
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum pinnatifidum (ox-eye daisy) L O     O  
Cirsium arvense (field thistle) L   O   L O
C. discolor (pasture thistle) L       O O
C. vulgare (bull thistle) O O        
Coreopsis lanceolata (sand coreopsis)     O   O  
C. palmata (prairie coreopsis) L   O      
C. tripteris (tall coreopsis) L         L
Echinacea pallida (pale purple coneflower) L   C      
Erigeron annuus (annual fleabane) A   O     L
E. canadensis (horseweed)     O   O  
E. philadelphicus (marsh fleabane) L L        
E. strigosus (daisy fleabane) O          
Eupatorium altissimum (tall boneset) O       O O
E. maculatum (spotted Joe Pye weed)   O     O  
E. purpureum (purple Joe Pye weed)           O
E. serotinum (late boneset) O L        
Helenium autumnale (sneezeweed)   L        
Helianthus grosseserratus (sawtooth sunflower) A O        
H. laetiflorus rigidus (prairie sunflower) L          
H. occidentalis (western sunflower)     O   L  
Heliopsis helianthoides (false sunflower) O         L
Hieracium longipilum (long-bearded hawkweed)     O      
Hymenoxys acaulis glabra (lakeside daisy)     O      
Kuhnia eupatorioides corymbulosa (false boneset)     O   O  
Lactuca serriola (prickly lettuce) L       O  
Liatris aspera (rough blazing star) O   C      
L. cylindracea (cylindrical blazing star)     C      
L. pycnostachya (prairie blazing star) O   O      
L. spicata (marsh blazing star) O O        
Parthenium integrifolium (wild quinine) L   O   O O
Prenanthes aspera (rough white lettuce) O          
P. racemosa (glaucous white lettuce) O         O
Ratibida pinnata (yellow coneflower) L   O      
Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed Susan) L   C   O  
R. subtomentosa (sweet black-eyed Susan) C L       L
Senecio aureus (golden ragwort) O L   L    
S. plattensis (prairie ragwort) L   L      
S. vulgaris (common groundsel) O          
Silphium integrifolium (rosin weed) A O       C
S. laciniatum (compass plant) A   O     O
S. perfoliatum (cup plant) L A        
S. terebinthinaceum (prairie dock) C O   O   O
Solidago altissima (tall goldenrod) A L   O O L
S. graminifolia nutallii (grass-leaved goldenrod) A C   O L C
S. juncea (early goldenrod)         O L
S. nemoralis (old-field goldenrod)     O   C  
S. ohiensis (Ohio goldenrod)       A C  
S. patula (swamp goldenrod)       O    
S. riddellii (Riddell's goldenrod) O L   O    
S. rigida (stiff goldenrod) C   O   O O
S. speciosa (showy goldenrod)     C   C  
S. uliginosa (bog goldenrod)       O    
Sonchus uliginosa (common sow thistle) L       O  
Vernonia fasciculata (common ironweed) L L        
BALSAMINACEAE
Impatiens capensis (orange jewelweed)       C L  
BETULACEAE
Corylus americana (American hazelnut)           L
BRASSICACEAE
Arabis glabra (tower mustard)     O      
Barbarea vulgaris (yellow rocket) L O     O  
Brassica nigra (black mustard) O          
Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse) O          
Cardamine bulbosa (bulbous cress)       O    
C. pensylvanica (Pennsylvania bitter cress)   O        
Erysimum cheiranthoides (wormseed mustard) O          
Lepidium campestre (field cress) O       O  
L. virginicum (common peppergrass)     C   O  
Rorripa palustris (marsh cress)   O        
Sisymbrium altisimum (tumble mustard) O          
Thlaspi arvense (penny cress) L          
BORAGINACEAE
Lithospermum canescens (hoary puccoon)     O     O
L. incisum (fringed puccoon)     O      
CAMPANULACEAE
Campanula aparinoides (marsh bellflower)       O    
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Arenaria stricta (stiff sandwort)     O      
Dianthus armeria (deptford pink) O          
Lychnis alba (white campion) L         O
Silene regia (royal catchfly)     O      
S. stellata (starry campion) O   O     O
CHENOPODIACEAE
Chenopodium album (lamb's quarters) O       O  
COMMELINACEAE
Tradescantia ohiensis (common spiderwort) C   L   O  
CONVOLVULACEAE
Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) L       L  
C. sepium (hedge bindweed) O          
CORNACEAE
Cornus amomum (blue-fruited dogwood) O L        
C. racemosa (gray dogwood) O          
CYPERACEAE
Carex bicknellii (copper-shouldered oval sedge) O   O      
C. buxbaumii (dark-scaled sedge)  O     O    
C. gracilescens (slender wood sedge)           L
C. granularis (pale sedge)           L
C. hystricina (porcupine sedge)       L    
C. molesta (field oval sedge) O          
C. pellita (broad-leaved woolly sedge) L     O    
C. pensylvanica (pen sedge)         O  
C. prairea (fen panicled sedge)       C    
C. sterilis (fen star sedge)       O    
C. stricta (common tussock sedge)   L        
C. tenera (narrow-leaved oval sedge)           L
C. tetanica (common stiff sedge)       O    
C. vulpinoidea (brown fox sedge) O O       O
Cyperus esculentus (field nut sedge) O          
C. rivularis (brook nut sedge)       O    
Eleocharis acicularis (needle spike rush)   L        
E. compressa (flat-stemmed spike rush)         O  
E. erythropoda (red-rooted spike rush)   C     C  
Rhynchospora capillacea (hair beak rush)       O    
Scirpus acutus (hard-stemmed bulrush)   O (sh.)        
S. atrovirens (dark green rush)   O        
S. cyperinus (wool rush)   L        
S. fluviatilus (river bulrush) L (sh.)          
S. pungens (chairmaker's rush)       A    
S.rubrotinctus (reddish bulrush)   O        
S. validus (great bulrush) L (sh.) L (sh.)     O  
DIPSACACEAE
Dipsacus laciniatus (cut-leaved teasel) L          
EQISETACEAE
Equisetum arvense (horsetail) L     C    
E. hyemale (tall scouring rush)       O    
EUPHORBIACEAE  
Euphorbia corollata (flowering spurge) O   C   C  
E. supina (spotted creeping spurge)         O  
FABACEAE
Amorpha canescens (lead plant) C   C      
Astragalus canadensis (Canadian milk vetch) O          
Baptisia leucantha (white wild indigo) L         L
B. leucophaea (cream wild indigo) O          
Desmanthus illinoensis (Illinois bundle flower) O          
Desmodium canadense (showy tick trefoil) L         L
D. illinoense (Illinois tick trefoil)     C   C  
Lathyrus palustris (marsh vetchling)       C    
Lespedeza capitata (round-headed bush clover) O   C   C  
Lotus corniculatus (bird's foot trefoil) O          
Medicago lupulina (black medick) O   C      
Melilotus alba (white sweet clover) O   O     O
Petalostemum candidum (white prairie clover) O          
P. foliosum (leafy prairie clover     O      
P. purpureum (purple prairie clover)     A   C  
Psoralea tenuiflora (scurfy pea)     C      
Trifolium pratense (red clover) O   O   O  
T. hybridum (alsike clover) O         L
FAGACEAE
Quercus macrocarpa (bur oak)           C
GENTIANACEAE   
Centaurium pulchellum (showy centaury)   O        
Gentiana alba (yellow gentian) O          
G. andrewsii (bottle gentian) O O     O  
G. crinita (fringed gentian)         O  
HYPERICACEAE
Hypericum kalmianum (Kalm's St. John's wort)         O  
H. perforatum (common St. John's wort) L       L  
H. punctatum (spotted St. John's wort)           L
H. sphaerocarpum (round-fruited St. John's wort) L          
IRIDACEAE
I. psuedacorus (tall yellow iris) O          
Iris virginica shrevei (blue flag)   L        
Sisyrinchium albidum (common blue-eyed grass)     L     O
S. angustifolium (stout blue-eyed grass)     O     O
JUNCACEAE
Juncus balticus littoralis (lake shore rush) L       C  
J. dudleyi (Dudley's rush)   O   C    
J. marginatus (grass-leaved rush)         O  
J. nodosus (joint rush)   C   C L  
J torreyi (Torrey's rush) O O        
JUNCAGINACEAE
Triglochin maritima (common bog arrow grass)       C C  
LAMIACEAE
Agastache nepetoides (yellow giant hyssop)           O
Leonurus cardiaca (motherwort)   O        
Lycopus americanus (common water horehound)   L   C    
L. uniflorus (northern bugle weed)       C    
Mentha arvensis villosa (wild mint) O O        
Monarda fistulosa (wild bergamot) C         O
M. punctata (horse mint)         O  
Nepeta cataria (catnip) L         O
Physostegia virginiana (false dragonhead) O          
Prunella vulgaris lanceolata (self heal) O         L
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (slender mountain mint) C         C
P. virginianum (common mountain mint) A C       C
Scutellaria lateriflora (mad-dog scullcap)   L        
S. parvula leonardii (small skullcap)     C      
Stachys tenuifolia hispida (marsh hedge nettle) L         L
LILIACEAE
Allium canadense (wild garlic) O          
A. cernuum (nodding wild onion) C L O      
Camassia scilloides (wild hyacinth) O         O
Lilium michiganense (Michigan lily) O O        
L. philadelphicum andinum (prairie lily)         O  
Smilacina stellata (starry false Solomon's seal) L         O
Tofieldia glutinosa (false asphodel)       O    
LINACEAE
Linum sulcatum (grooved yellow flax)     O      
LOBELIACEAE
Lobelia kalmii (bog lobelia)       C    
L. siphilitica (great blue lobelia)       O    
L. spicata (pale spiked lobelia)     O      
LYTHRACEAE
Lythrum alatum (winged loosestrife) L C   C L  
L. salicaria (purple loosestrife) O C   O    
MALVACEAE
Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) O          
Hibiscus militaris (halberd-leaved rose mallow) O O        
Napaea dioica (glade mallow) O          
ONAGRACEAE
Epilobium coloratum (cinnamon willow herb) L O   O O  
Gaura biennis (biennial gaura)   O        
Ludwigia palustris americana (marsh purslane)   O        
Oenothera biennis (common evening primrose) L   O   O  
O. perennis (small sundrops)   L        
O. pilosella (prairie sundrops) L L        
ORCHIDACEAE
Cypripedium candidum (white lady's slipper)   O   O    
Spiranthes cernua (nodding ladies' tresses)       O    
POACEAE
Agropyron repens (quack grass) L       O  
Agrostis alba (redtop) L         L
Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem grass) A O O     O
Bouteloua curtipendula (side-oats grama)     A      
Bromus inermis (Hungarian brome)         C  
B. japonicus (Japanese brome) O       O  
B. kalmii (prairie brome) O O   O    
Calamagrostis canadensis (blue joint grass) L C        
Dactylis glomerata (orchard grass) O       O  
Digitaria sp. (crab grass) O          
Echinochloa crusgalli (barnyard grass) O O        
Elymus canadensis (Canada wild rye) O         O
Eragrostis spectabilis (purple love grass)         L  
Glyceria striata (fowl manna grass         O  
Hierochloe odorata (vanilla grass) O O   O    
Hordeum jubatum (squirrel-tail grass) O          
Hystrix patula (bottlebrush grass)           O
Koeleria cristata (June grass)     C   L  
Leersia oryzoides (rice cut grass) L L   O L  
Muhlenbergia mexicana (leafy satin grass)       C    
Panicum capillare (witch grass) O          
P. leibergii (prairie panic grass) O          
P. oligosanthes scribnerianum (Scribner's panic grass)     O   O  
P. virgatum (switch grass) L C     O  
Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) L O   O    
Phleum pratense (timothy) O          
Phragmites communis (common reed)   O     O  
Poa annua (Canada blue grass)         O O
P. pratensis (Kentucky blue grass) L L C      
Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem grass) O   A   C  
Setaria spp. (foxtail) O          
Sorghastrum nutans (indian grass) O   C   O O
Spartina pectinata (prairie cord grass) O A        
Sphenopholis intermedia (slender wedge grass)       O    
Sporobolus heterolepis (prairie dropseed) C   C      
Stipa spartea (porcupine grass)     O      
POLEMONIACEAE
Phlox glaberrima interior (marsh phlox) O O        
P. pilosa (prairie phlox) O   C   O  
Polemonium reptans (Jacob's ladder)           O
POLYGALACEAE
Polygala senega (Seneca snakeroot)     O      
POLYGONACEAE
Polygonum amphibium stipulaceum (water heartsease)   O        
P. lapathifolium (heartsease)   O        
P. persicaria (lady's thumb) O O        
P. punctatum (smartweed) O O        
P. scandens (climbing false buckwheat)   O     O  
Rumex altissimum (pale dock) O          
R. crispus (curly dock) L O        
R. orbiculatus (great water dock) O (sh.) O (sh.)        
R. verticillatus (swamp dock) L (sh.) L (sh.)        
POLYPODIACEAE
Thelypteris palustris pubescens (marsh shield fern)       C    
POPULACEAE
Populus deltoides (cottonwood)   O O   O  
PRIMULACEAE
Dodecatheon meadia (shooting star) L   L     L
Lysimachia quadriflora (narrow-leaved loosestrife) O L        
L. ciliata (fringed loosestrife)            
RANUNCULACEAE
Anemone canadensis (meadow anemone) L C        
A. cylindrica (thimbleweed) O   O      
Aquilegia canadensis (wild columbine)           O
Caltha palustris (marsh marigold)   O        
Ranunculus pensylvanicus (bristly buttercup) O O        
Thalictrum dasycarpum (purple meadow rue) L L   O O  
T. revolutum (waxy meadow rue)   O        
RHAMNACEAE
Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey tea) O   O     O
Rhamnus cathartica (common buckthorn) O         O
R. frangula (glossy buckthorn) O O        
ROSACEAE
Crataegus sp. (hawthorn)           O
Filipendula rubra (queen of the prairie) O O        
Fragaria virginiana (wild strawberry) O         L
Geum aleppicum strictum (yellow avens)   O        
G. laciniatum trichocarpum (rough avens) O C        
G. triflorum (prairie smoke)     O      
Potentilla arguta (prairie cinquefoil) C   A   C O
P. fruticosa (shrubby cinquefoil)       O O  
P. norvegica (rough cinquefoil) O         O
P. recta (sulfur cinquefoil) O          
P. simplex (common cinquefoil) O         O
Rosa arkansana suffulta (sunshine rose) O          
R. blanda (early wild rose) O         O
R. carolina (pasture rose) O   O   L O
R. setigera (Illinois rose) O          
Sanguisorba canadensis (american burnet)   O        
Spiraea alba (meadowsweet)   L        
RUBIACEAE
Galium boreale (northern bedstraw) L          
G. mollugo (white bedstraw) O          
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Heuchera richardsonii grayana (prairie alum root) C          
Parnassia glauca (grass of parnassus)       C    
Penthorum sedoides (ditch stonecrop)   O        
SALICACEAE
Salix humilis (prairie willow) O   O      
S. interior (sandbar willow) C C     O O
S. amygdaloides (peach-leaved willow)   O   O    
SANTALACEAE
Comandra richardsiana (false toadflax) O O        
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Agalinis purpurea (purple false foxglove)     L C L  
Chelone glabra (turtlehead)       O    
Lindernia anagallidea (slender false pimpernel) O          
Mimulus ringens (monkey flower)   O        
Pedicularis canadensis (wood betony)     O     O
P. lanceolata (fen betony)       O    
Penstemon digitalis (foxglove beard tongue) L O        
P. pallidus (pale beard tongue) O          
Verbascum blattaria (moth mullein) O          
V. thapsus (common mullein) O   O      
Veronica peregrina (purslane speedwell) O          
V. scutellata (marsh speedwell)   L        
Veronicastrum virginicum (Culver's root) C C       C
Wulfenia bullii (kitten tails)     O      
SOLANACEAE
Physalis subglabrata (tall ground cherry) O          
Solanum carolinense (horse nettle) O          
S. dulcamara (bittersweet nightshade) O O     O O
TYPHACEAE
Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaved cattail)         O  
T. latifolia (broad-leaved cattail) O O        
VERBENACEAE
Verbena hastata (blue vervain) O L     O  
V. stricta (hoary vervain)     O      
VIOLACEAE
Viola pedata lineariloba (bird's foot violet)     O      
 

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